Historical records show that Sargent Baptist Church was officially established in 1917 in Coweta County, Georgia. According to the 1988 History of Coweta County, the Sargent congregation originated from New Lebanon, a rural church founded in 1874. The first pastor of New Lebanon was Robert Whitton Hamrick (1823-1905), who also served several other Baptist congregations in the area.

In 1916, property on Main Street in Sargent was acquired from the Methodist Conference, and construction of the church soon began. Since its founding, Sargent Baptist Church has been a steadfast presence for the Sargent Mill Village and surrounding communities.